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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jan 30.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Psychiatry. 2010 Dec 15;168(2):143–151. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10030385

TABLE 1.

Slope Parameter Estimates for Each Brain Region in Typically Developing Youth With Hyperactive/Impulsive Symptoms and Youth With ADHD

Brain Region Slope Parameter (mm/year)a Standard Error of Slope Parameter (mm/year) t df p Cluster Extent (number of vertices) Local Maxima (x, y, z)b
Right
Supplementary motor and motor area, extending along the superior/middle frontal gyrus 0.0051 0.0017 2.92 194 0.004 1,622 25, 3, 53
Medial frontal gyrus extending toward anterior portions of superior frontal gyrus 0.006 0.002 2.94 194 0.003 974 12, 39, 17
Inferior frontal gyrus 0.0062 0.0025 2.51 194 0.01 376 41, 42, 3
Middle/inferior temporal gyrus 0.0072 0.0025 2.9 194 0.004 700 65, −21, −19
Precuneus 0.0049 0.0018 2.73 194 0.006 331 5, −62, 35
Parahippocampal area 0.0064 0.0026 2.45 194 0.02 25 19, −23, −23
Left
Middle prefrontal gyrus 0.0052 0.0018 2.96 194 0.003 828 −27, 10, 55
Superior/medial prefrontal gyrus 0.0058 0.0023 2.49 194 0.01 340 −14, 46, 38
Orbitofrontal gyrus 0.0084 0.0027 3.01 194 0.003 1,056 −15, 29, −26
Superior temporal gyrus 0.0088 0.0037 2.36 194 0.02 36 −53, 9, −20
a

Data indicate the estimated rate of change in cortical thinning for each increase of one point in the hyperactive/impulsive symptoms score. Since throughout the age range examined, the cortex becomes thinner, positive values of the slope parameters indicate a slower rate of thinning as the number of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms increase, and therefore those with the fewest symptoms would have the highest rate of cortical thinning.

b

Data (Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates) indicate the cortical vortex where the greatest effect of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms is found.