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. 2022 Oct 6;190(4):2739–2756. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiac426

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Inhibitory effects of a high auxin concentration on flower bud break after defoliation and expression patterns of hormone-related genes after an NAA treatment. A, Bud break percentage of current-year long shoots after a 300 mg/L NAA treatment. B, Representative images of bud break on day 20 on defoliated (left) and NAA-treated current-year long shoots (right). Scale bars, 5 cm. C and D, Scanning electron micrographs of flower buds of current-year long shoots on day 5 in the control group (C) and the NAA-treated group (D). pp, petal primordium; triangles, stamen primordium; and asterisks, pistil primordium. E and F, Expression patterns of genes related to auxin (E) and other hormones (F) after the NAA treatment. Error bars indicate the SEs of three biological replicates and asterisks indicate significant differences between control (defoliated) and NAA-treated branches (Student’s t test). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.